Imfashanyigisho Yintangiriro Kuri 7 Ibipimo Byuzuye hamwe ninama zo guhitamo

Ibipimo bitemba ntabwo ari ibintu bya tekiniki gusa; ni impanuka yimikorere yinganda, itanga umutekano, ukuri, hamwe no kuzigama ibiciro. Hamwe nubwoko burenga 100 bwametero zitembakwuzuza isoko uyumunsi, guhitamo imwe hamwe nibikorwa byiza-ku gipimo cyiza birashobora kumva birenze. Aka gatabo karasobanura ubushishozi bwibikoresho bitemba, bigufasha kuyobora amahitamo ufite ikizere. Waba uri injeniyeri utezimbere umuyoboro cyangwa umuyobozi uteganya kuzamura, reka twibire mubyingenzi byubwoko bwa metero zitemba, imbaraga zabo, ninama zifatika zo guhitamo.

Gusobanukirwa Ibipimo Bitemba: Impamvu bifite akamaro muri Automatic Automatic

Tembaigipimoisibipimo fatizo mubikorwa byinganda, kugenzura ibintu byose kuva reaction yimiti kugeza kugabana ingufu. Mu myaka ya za 70, tekinoroji itandukanye itandukanye yari ifite imigabane 80% kumasoko, ariko guhanga udushya byatangije uburyo bworoshye kandi butandukanye. Uyu munsi,guhitamo urujya n'uruzameterobirimokuringaniza ibintu nkubwoko bwamazi, imiterere yimikorere, ibikenewe neza, na bije. Uhereye kuri sisitemu yo gutangiza ibidukikije bikaze, nkibikoresho bya peteroli byo hanze cyangwa ubwiherero bwa farumasi, urufunguzo ruhuza imiterere ya metero na progaramu yawe yihariye kugirango wirinde igihe cyo gusoma no kudasoma neza.

Iyi nyandiko izasesengura ibyiciro birindwi byingenzi bya metero zitemba zikunze gukoreshwa mu nganda, zigaragaza ibiranga, ibyiza, ibibi, hamwe nibisabwa muburyo butandukanye. Gusa ukurikirane kugirango umenye tekinike zateguwe zo guhitamo metero yatemba!

1. Itandukaniro ryumuvuduko utandukanye wibipimo: Akazi kizewe

Umuvuduko utandukanyegupimagisigayeikoreshwa rya tekinoroji ikoreshwa cyane, ishoboye gukemura amazi yicyiciro kimwe mubihe bitandukanye, harimo ubushyuhe bwinshi nigitutu. Mu bihe byiza byayo mu myaka ya za 70, yafashe 80% by'isoko kubwimpamvu. Izi metero mubisanzwe zigizwe nigikoresho gisunika (nka plaque ya orifice, nozzle, umuyoboro wa Pitot, cyangwa impuzandengo ya Pitot) ihujwe na transmitter.

Igikoresho gisunika kigabanya umuvuduko wamazi, bigatera itandukaniro ryumuvuduko hejuru no hepfo ugereranije nigipimo cy umuvuduko. Isahani ya Orifice niyo ijya guhitamo kubera ubworoherane no koroshya kwishyiriraho. Igihe cyose byakozwe kandi bigashyirwaho mubipimo (tekereza ISO 5167), bitanga ibipimo byizewe bidakeneye kalibrasi nyayo ariko bigenzurwa byihuse.

Ibyo byavuzwe, ibikoresho byose bikurura bizana igihombo gihoraho. Isahani ityaye ya orifice irashobora gutakaza 25-40% yumuvuduko ntarengwa utandukanye, wongeyeho ikiguzi cyingufu kubikorwa binini. Ku rundi ruhande, imiyoboro ya Pitot ifite igihombo cyinshi ariko yunvikana nimpinduka mumiterere yimigezi, bitewe nuko imivurungano ishobora guhungabanya gusoma kwabo.

Mu ruganda rwa peteroli, abashoramari bahinduye isahani ya orifice itajyanye n'umuyoboro wa Venturi kugirango bagabanye umuvuduko ukabije, bigatuma ingufu za pompe zigabanuka 15%. Kubwibyo, mugihe uhuye nibisukari byamazi cyangwa ibishishwa, birumvikana ko twagereranya impuzandengo ya Pitot kugirango tumenye neza neza neza. Igikwiye kuvugwa ni uko buri gihe byemeza byibura byibura 10-20 ya diametre yumuyoboro ugororotse ugana hejuru kugirango uhagarike umwirondoro, cyangwa ababikora bashobora kugwa mumutwe wa kalibrasi.

2. Ibice Bitandukanye Byahindutse Ibipimo: Ubworoherane Buhura nuburyo butandukanye

Uwitekaishusho ya rotameter yerekanaIbice bihindagurika bitemba metero, aho ikireremba kizamuka mumuyoboro wafashwe ugereranije nigipimo cy umuvuduko. Guhagarara kwabo? Bitaziguye, kurubuga rwasomwe nta mbaraga zo hanze, zuzuye mugusuzuma byihuse mumurima.

Ibi biza muburyo bubiri bwingenzi: ibirahuri byikirahure rotameter kubidukikije, bitangiza ruswa nkumwuka, gaze, cyangwa argon, bitanga kugaragara neza kandi byoroshye gusoma;naicyumatuberotameterverisiyohamwe na magnetiki yerekana ubushyuhe bwo hejuru cyangwa umuvuduko ukabije. Iheruka irashobora gusohora ibimenyetso bisanzwe byo kwishyira hamwehamwe naamajwiortotalizers.

Ibihinduka bigezweho birimo ibishushanyo mbonera byuzuye bidafite ibyumba bya kondensate, birata igipimo cya 100: 1 cyumubyimba hamwe nibisohoka kumurongo, byiza kubipima amavuta.

Iyo tuvuze ibyagutse, rotameter nyinshi zatoranijwe kugirango zishyirwe muri laboratoire yo kuvanga gaze, bizigama amafaranga yo gukoresha insinga bitewe nibisabwa bidafite ingufu. Ariko witegereje kunyeganyega, rotameter irashobora gutera kureremba hejuru no gusoma ibinyoma. Mu kuzamura inzoga, nkurugero, ibyuma byicyuma gikoresha imiyoboro ya wort ishyushye, ikongerera serivisi inshuro eshatu, mugihe ibirahuri byintwaro hamwe na PTFE bitoranya ingengo yimari, ariko ababikora bakeneye kubisuzuma buri mwaka kugirango bakomeze 1-2%.

3. Ibipimo bitemba bya Vortex: Oscillation for Precision

Metero ya Vortex, urugero rwibanze rwubwoko bwinyeganyeza, shyira umubiri mubi mumuhanda utemba, ubyara imirongo isimburana inshuro zayo zifitanye isano numuvuduko. Nta bice byimuka bisobanura gusubiramo neza, kuramba, no kubungabunga bike.

Ufashe ibyiza nkumurongo mugari, ubudahangarwa bwubushyuhe, umuvuduko, ubucucike, cyangwa guhinduka kwijimye, gutakaza umuvuduko muke, hamwe nukuri (0.5-1%), metero zitemba zumuyaga zifata kugeza kuri 300 ° C na 30 MPa, bigatuma zihinduka kuri gaze, amazi, hamwe na parike.

Uburyo bwo kwiyumvisha muri metero zitemba za vortex buratandukana hagati: sensor ya piezoelectric sensor nibyiza kumashanyarazi, ubushyuhe cyangwa ultrasonic sensor ikwiranye numwuka, kandi hafi yuburyo bwose bwo gukora bukora kumazi. Bisa na plaque ya orifice, coefficient de la flux igenwa nubunini bwa metero.

Mu mushinga wa gazi gasanzwe, metero ya vortex iruta turbine mumazi atemba, kugabanya amakosa kuva 5% kugeza munsi ya 1%. Bumva neza kwishyiriraho, byemeza neza kandi birinda kuba hafi ya valve. Iyo bigeze kumigendekere igaragara, metero zidasanzwe za vortex hamwe nubuzima bwa bateri kugeza kumyaka 10 kurubuga rwa kure.

4. Ibipimo bya Electromagnetic Flow Metero: Inshuti nziza ya Fluids

Imashanyarazi, cyangwa metero ya mag, koresha amategeko ya Faraday, agenda gutya: amazi atwara ibintu acisha mumaseti ya magneti atera voltage ihwanye numuvuduko. Bibujijwe kubitangazamakuru byayobora, izi metero ntiziterwa nubushyuhe, umuvuduko, ubucucike, cyangwa ubukonje - mubyukuri, byibuze - hamwe 100: 1 byahindutse kandi 0.5%. Ingano yimiyoboro iri hagati ya 2mm na 3m, ikwiranye namazi, ibishishwa, pulps, cyangwa ruswa.

Imashini zitwara amashanyarazi zikoresha ibimenyetso bidakomeye (mV 2,5-8 mV ku gipimo cyuzuye), bityo rero gukingira neza no guhaguruka ni ngombwa kugirango wirinde kwivanga na moteri.

Imetero ya electroniki ya magnetiki iruta iyindi miti itunganya amazi mabi, gupima byimazeyo amazi yanduye nkibishishwa nta gufunga. Bitandukanye na metero yubukanishi, metero ya mag ntigira ibice byimuka. Ku mazi yangirika, nk'amazi yanduye acide, kuzamura metero ya magi ya PFA bishobora kugabanya ibikenerwa byo kubungabunga kugeza kuri 50% nkuko bigaragara muri retrofit iherutse. Byongeye kandi, imashini ikoreshwa na bateri igenda ikurura amazi ya kure, itanga ihinduka ahantu hatari kuri gride mugihe ikomeza kwizerwa.

5. Ultrasonic Flow Meters: Guhanga udushya

Ultrasonic itembameterongwinomuburyo bubiri bwibanze: Doppler nigihe-cyo-guhaguruka (TOF).Dopplermeteroigipimogutemba mugushakisha inshuro ziva mubice byahagaritswe, bigatuma biba byiza kumuvuduko mwinshi, amazi yanduye nka slurries, ariko ntibikora neza kumuvuduko muke cyangwa hejuru yimiyoboro ikaze.

Metero ya TOF, ibara urujya n'uruza rushingiye ku gihe cyo gutandukanya imiraba ya ultrasonic igenda hamwe no kurwanya imigezi, irusha abandi kuba amazi meza, asukuye nk'amazi, bisaba ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki byuzuye kugirango bibe byuzuye. Multi-beam TOF ibishushanyo byongera imikorere mumivurungano, itanga kwizerwa cyane muri sisitemu igoye.

Muri sisitemu y'amazi akonje retrofit, clamp-on TOF ultrasonic metero yakijije ibihumbi mugukuraho gukenera imiyoboro cyangwa guhagarika, kugera kuri 1% byukuri hamwe na kalibibasi ikwiye. Nyamara, ibyuka byinshi cyangwa imiyoboro irashobora guhagarika gusoma, kubwibyo gusuzuma neza ni ngombwa. Kugenzura umurima, ibice bya ultrasonic byoroshye ni ntagereranywa, bitanga kwisuzumisha byihuse nta sisitemu yo hasi.

6. Ibipimo bya Turbine Bitemba: Umuvuduko nukuri muburyo bwo kugenda

Turbine itembametero gukoraku ihame ryo kubungabunga umuvuduko, aho amazi atembera azunguruka rotor, kandi umuvuduko wa rotor uhuza neza nigipimo cy umuvuduko. Izi metero ziganje mubisabwa bisaba ibisobanuro bihanitse, hamwe na gazi yihariye igaragaramo inguni ntoya hamwe nibyuma byinshi kugirango imikorere irusheho kuba myiza. Zitanga ubunyangamugayo budasanzwe (0.2–0.5%, cyangwa 0.1% mugihe cyihariye), igipimo cya 10: 1, kugabanuka k'umuvuduko muke, no gukora cyane mugihe cy'umuvuduko mwinshi, ariko bisaba amazi meza hamwe numuyoboro uhagije uhagije kugirango wirinde amakosa yatewe numuvurungano.

Muri sisitemu ya lisansi yindege,turbinemeterobyemeweKugaragaza neza ukuri kwimurwa, birakenewe muburyo bwo kwishyuza. Ingano ntoya ya bore yongerera ibyiyumvo byubwinshi bwamazi nubukonje, bityo rero mbere yo kuyungurura ni ngombwa kugirango wirinde amakosa ajyanye n’imyanda. Ibishushanyo bya Hybrid hamwe na pikipiki ya magnetiki byateje imbere kwizerwa mukugabanya kwambara.

7. Ibipimo Byimurwa Byiza: Ibipimo bya Volumetric

Ibipimo byiza byo kwimura ibipimo bipima imigendekere mugutega no kwimura urugero rwamazi rwamazi hamwe na buri kuzunguruka, ukoresheje ibishushanyo nka oval gear, piston rotary, cyangwa ubwoko bwa scraper. Imashini ya oval itanga igipimo cya 20: 1 kandi igereranije neza (mubisanzwe 0.5% cyangwa irenga) ariko irashobora guhurira kumyanda iva mumazi. Metero ya piston ya rotary iruta mugukoresha amajwi manini, nubwo igishushanyo cyayo gishobora kwemerera gutemba gake, bigira ingaruka kumyumvire mike.

Ntabwo byatewe nubwiza bwamazi, metero PD nibyiza kumazi nkamavuta namazi, ariko ntibikwiriye imyuka cyangwa amavuta kubera uburyo bwa volumetricique.

Mu ruganda rutunganya ibiryo, metero PD, cyane cyane ubwoko bwibikoresho bya oval, byari ingenzi kugirango hafatwe neza neza sirupe ya viscous, bituma ibicuruzwa bihoraho. Nyamara, imyanda iri muri sirupe idafunguye yateje rimwe na rimwe jam, bishimangira ko hakenewe sisitemu zo kuyungurura. Isuku-mu-mwanya (CIP) igabanya cyane igihe cyo kugabanya igihe cyo koroshya kubungabunga, umukino-uhindura umukino-woherejwe cyane.

Guhitamo Ibipimo Byukuri: Inama zinzobere kugirango utsinde

Guhitamo metero yimbere ni ngombwa mugutezimbere inganda, kuko nta metero imwe ijyanye na porogaramu. Kugirango uhitemo neza, suzuma ibintu byingenzi: ibintu byamazi (urugero, ubwiza, kwangirika, cyangwa ibice bigize ibice), urwego rutemba (igipimo ntarengwa kandi ntarengwa), bisabwa kuba inyangamugayo (kuva 0.1% kuboherezwa kumurera kugeza kuri 2% mugukurikirana muri rusange), imbogamizi zishyirwaho (nkubunini bwumuyoboro, ibisabwa bikoreshwa neza, cyangwa imbogamizi zumwanya), hamwe nigiciro cyose cya nyirubwite (harimo kugura, kwishyiriraho, kubungabunga, no gukoresha ingufu).

Mugupima muburyo bunoze ibyo ukeneye muburyo bukenewe, nibyiza hamwe no kugerageza indege cyangwa kugisha inama abadandaza, urashobora guhitamo metero iringaniza imikorere na bije.