Isoko ritanga ibipimo bitandukanye bya metero zitwara ibintu, uhereye ku bikoresho bya laboratoire bihanitse kugeza ku bikoresho byoroshye byo mu murima hamwe n’ibikoresho byo kugenzura igihe. Buri bwoko bwakozwe kugirango busohoze ubutumwa butandukanye. Aka gatabo kazagutwara urugendo rwuzuye unyuze mumahame yo gushushanya, ibyiza byingenzi, tekinoroji yingenzi, hamwe nuburyo bwihariye bwubwoko butandukanye bwa metero zitwara ibintu, butanga ibikoresho birambuye byo guhitamo no gukoresha ibikoresho bipima neza.

Imbonerahamwe y'ibirimo:

1. Ibyingenzi Byibanze Byibipimo Byimikorere

2. Ihame ryimikorere ryibipimo byimyitwarire

3. Ubwoko bwose bwikigereranyo

4. Ibintu ugomba gusuzuma mugihe uhisemo ibipimo byimikorere

5. Nigute ushobora guhinduranya metero yimikorere?

6. Ibibazo

I. Ibice Byibanze Byibipimo Byimikorere

Mbere yo gucengera muburyo bwihariye bwo gupima ibintu, reka dusuzume ibintu by'ibanze bya metero zose zitwara ibintu, bizatuma guhitamo metero ya moteri byoroshye:

1. Umuyoboro wa Sensor (Probe / Electrode)

Iki gice gihura neza nigisubizo kiri kugeragezwa, kumva impinduka mumashanyarazi cyangwa kurwanya hagati ya electrode yacyo kugirango bipime ion.

Igice cya metero

Ibi bikoresho bya elegitoronike bishinzwe kubyara amashanyarazi asimbuye neza (AC), gutunganya ibimenyetso biva kuri sensor, no guhindura ibipimo fatizo mubiciro byasomeka neza.

3. Sensor

Imyitwarire yunvikana cyane nubushyuhe butandukanye. Byinjijwe muri anketi,iubushyuheubudahwemaikurikirana ubushyuhe bwigisubizo kandi ikoresha indishyi zikenewe, ikareba neza niba igereranya ryibisubizo.

II. Ihame ryimikorere ryibipimo byimyitwarire

Imikorere yimikorere ya metero yumubyigano ishingiye kubikorwa bya elegitoroniki na mashanyarazi bipima ubushobozi bwigisubizo cyo gutwara amashanyarazi.

Intambwe ya 1: Kubyara ikigezweho

Igikoresho cyogutangiza gitangiza iki gipimo ukoresheje voltage ihindagurika ihindagurika (AC) hejuru ya electrode ya sensor (cyangwa probe).

Iyo sensor yibijwe mubisubizo, ion zashonze (cations na anion) zirekurwa kwimuka. Bitewe numurima wamashanyarazi wakozwe na voltage ya AC, izo ion zimuka zerekeza kuri electrode zishyizwe hamwe, zikora amashanyarazi atembera mumuti.

Gukoresha voltage ya AC ningirakamaro kuko irinda electrode polarisiyasi no kwangirika, ubundi byaganisha kubisomwa bidahwitse mugihe.

Intambwe ya 2: Kubara imyitwarire

Igice cya metero noneho gipima ubunini bwubu (I) butembera mubisubizo. Gukoresha uburyo bwahinduwe bwaAmategeko ya Ohm.

Intambwe ya 3: Menya neza uburyo bworoshye

Kugirango ubone uburyo bwihariye (κ), umutungo wimbere utagengwa na geometrie ya probe, imyitwarire yapimwe (G) igomba kuba isanzwe.

Ibi bigerwaho mugwiza imyitwarire ya selile ihoraho ya selile ihoraho (K), nikintu cya geometrike gusa gisobanurwa nintera iri hagati ya electrode nubuso bwacyo bwiza.

Impera yanyuma, yihariye ibarwa ikoresheje isano: κ = G · K.

III. Ubwoko bwose bwikigereranyo

Ukurikije ibyasabwe hamwe nibisabwa bisobanutse, metero zitwara abantu zirashobora gushyirwa mubice. Iyi nyandiko irabakusanya yose kandi ikunyuzamo umwe umwe kugirango ubyumve neza.

1. Ibipimo byimikorere byoroshye

Kwimura ibintu byoroshyemetero niibikoresho byihariye byo gusesengura byakozwe muburyo bunoze, kwisuzumisha kurubuga. Igishushanyo mbonera cyibishushanyo mbonera bashyira imbere trifecta ikomeye: kubaka byoroheje, kuramba gukomeye, no gutwara ibintu bidasanzwe.

Iyi ngingo iremeza ko laboratoire yo mu rwego rwo gupima neza itangwa neza ku buryo butaziguye ku cyitegererezo cy’ibisubizo, bigabanya neza gutinda kwa logistique kandi bikagabanya imikorere ihindagurika.

Ibikoresho byimukanwa byimbere byubatswe muburyo bwo gusaba umurima. Kugirango bagere ku mikorere irambye mubihe bibi byo hanze no mu nganda, bagaragaza ingufu zikoreshwa na bateri kandi zakozwe muburyo bwitondewe hamwe nudukingirizo twumukungugu kandi udakoresha amazi (akenshi bigaragazwa nu rutonde rwa IP).

Imetero izamura cyane imikorere ikora murwego rwo gutanga ibisubizo byihuse kubisubizo byihuse, hamwe nubushobozi bwo kwinjiza amakuru. Ihuriro rituma bahitamo nezabyihuseamaziubuziranengegusuzuma hakuryaahantu kure cyane ya geografiya hamwe nu nganda zagutse zinganda.

Porogaramu Yagutse ya Metable Yimikorere ya Metero

Ihinduka kandi riramba rya metero zigendanwa zitwara ibintu bituma ziba ingenzi mu nganda nyinshi zingenzi:

1. Gukurikirana ibidukikije:Metero zigendanwa EC ni ibikoresho byingenzi byo gusuzuma ubuziranenge bw’amazi, gukora ubushakashatsi ku nzuzi, ibiyaga, n’amazi yo mu butaka, no kumenya inkomoko y’umwanda.

2. Ubuhinzi n'ubworozi bw'amafi:Izi metero zoroheje zikoreshwa mugukurikirana amazi yo kuhira, ibisubizo byintungamubiri za hydroponique, hamwe nubwiza bwamazi yicyuzi cyamafi kugirango habeho imyunyu myiza nintungamubiri.

3. Kugenzura inganda ku mbuga:Imetero kandi itanga igeragezwa ryihuse, ryibanze ryamazi yatunganijwe, nkamazi yo gukonjesha amazi, amazi abira, n’amazi y’amazi ava mu nganda.

4. Ibikorwa byuburezi nubushakashatsi:Kuborohereza no koroshya imikoreshereze yimikorere ituma metero zigendanwa zitunganijwe neza kubwinyigisho zo hanze hamwe nubushakashatsi bwibanze bwibanze, butanga amakuru yo gukusanya amakuru kubanyeshuri nabashakashatsi.

Iperereza ryinshi ryerekana ko metero itanga imiterere ihindagurika ryibidukikije bitandukanye, ikubiyemo ibintu byose uhereye kumazi meza ugereranije nibisubizo byumunyu.

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Uwitekaintebe ya meteronigikoresho cyogukora amashanyarazi cyane cyane kubushakashatsi bukomeye kandi busaba kugenzura ubuziranenge (QC) ibidukikije, byemeza neza ko bidahwitse kandi bihamye kumikorere yamakuru yisesengura. Kurangwa nigishushanyo mbonera-gikora kandi gikomeye, gitanga ubushobozi bunini bwo gupima murwego runini, kuva 0 µS / cm kugeza kuri 100 mS / cm.

Ibipimo byerekana ibipimo byerekana ibipimo ngenderwaho byerekana ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki yo gusaba ubushakashatsi no kugenzura ubuziranenge bukomeye (QC). Hamwe nibisobanuro bihanitse, byinshi-bikora, kandi bikomeye, iyi metero-yo hejuru yintebe yibanze ku gutanga ukuri kutavogerwa kandi bihamye, byemeza ubusugire bwamakuru yisesengura.

Yashizweho kugirango yongere imikorere ya laboratoire kandi yemeze amakuru yizewe, iyi metero ituma bishoboka icyarimwe gupima ibipimo byingenzi nka EC,TDS, na Salinite, nayo irimo ubushobozi bwo guhitamoByapH,ORP, na ISE, hashingiwe kubikorwa byayo bigenda byoroha binyuze muriibice byinshigupimakwishyira hamwe.

Iki gikoresho gikomeye gikora nkibisubizo-byose byo kugerageza, bizamura laboratoire. Byongeye kandi, imicungire yamakuru yambere (kubika neza, kohereza hanze, gucapa) yemeza ko hubahirizwa byuzuye ibipimo bya GLP / GMP, bitanga amakuru akurikiranwa kandi yubahiriza igenzura bigabanya ingaruka ziterwa nubuyobozi.

Hanyuma, binyuze muburyo bwo guhuza ubwoko butandukanye bwubushakashatsi hamwe na K-indangagaciro zihariye (selile zihoraho), imikorere myiza murwego rwimibare itandukanye iremezwa, kuva mumazi ya ultrapure kugeza ibisubizo byinshi.

Porogaramu Yagutse Yintebe-Hejuru Yimikorere

Sisitemu yo hejuru-sisitemu yo hejuru ni ingenzi kumiryango isaba ibisubizo byuzuye, byizewe cyane byisesengura:

1. Imiti & ibiryo / Ibinyobwa QC:Intebe-yo hejuru ni ngombwa kugirango igenzurwe neza (QC) igeragezwa ryibikoresho fatizo nibicuruzwa byanyuma, aho kubahiriza amabwiriza bitaganirwaho.

2. Ubushakashatsi n'iterambere ry'ubumenyi:Itanga ibisobanuro bihanitse bikenewe muburyo bwo kwemeza ibintu bishya, kugenzura imiti ya synthesis, no gukora neza.

3. Gucunga amazi mu nganda:Intebe yo hejuru yintebe ningirakamaro mu gusesengura neza amazi meza muri sisitemu y’amazi ya ultrapure (UPW), amazi y’amazi yo kunywa, no gutunganya amazi mabi y’inganda, bifasha ibikoresho gukomeza gukora neza n’ubuziranenge bw’ibidukikije.

Laboratoire ya shimi:Byakoreshejwe mubikorwa byibanze nko gutegura igisubizo nyacyo, kuranga imiti, hamwe no kugena neza-titre yanyuma, metero ikora uburiri bwa laboratoire.

3. Ibipimo byo Kwitwara Kumurongo Kumurongo

Byashizweho byumwihariko kubidukikije byikora, urukurikirane rwa metero zinganda zikoreshwa kumurongo zikubiyemo filozofiya yo gushushanya kubikomeza, kugenzura-igihe, kwizerwa cyane, no kwishyira hamwe muburyo bwububiko busanzwe.

Ibi bikoresho bigoye, byabigenewe bisimbuza intoki intoki hamwe na 24/7 idahagarikwa ryamakuru, bikora nkibikoresho byingenzi byerekana uburyo bwiza bwo kugenzura, kugenzura, no kurinda ibikoresho bihenze. Nibyingenzi kubikorwa byose aho guhora ukurikirana ubwiza bwamazi cyangwa ibisubizo byibisubizo nibyingenzi mugukomeza ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa, gukora neza, no kubahiriza amabwiriza.

Izi metero zitwara inganda zitanga ibyemezo byukuri-bigenzurwa binyuze mugutanga amakuru ahoraho kugirango hamenyekane ako kanya. Biranga ibishushanyo mbonera, bidafite ubushobozi buke, akenshi bifashisha ibyuma byifashishwa byindobanure, kugirango bikoreshwe mubitangazamakuru bikaze, mugihe byemeza neza mubikorwa bikomeye nkamazi ya ultrapure. Kwishyira hamwe kwayo muri sisitemu ya PLC / DCS bigerwaho hifashishijwe 4-20mA isanzwe hamwe na protocole ya digitale.

Porogaramu Yagutse Yumurongo Wibikorwa Byinganda

Ubushobozi bukomeza bwo gukurikirana metero za EC kumurongo cyangwa inganda zikoreshwa murwego rwinganda nyinshi:

1. Gutunganya Amazi Yinganda & Gucunga:Imetero yinganda kumurongo ikoreshwa mugukurikirana neza imikorere ya Reverse Osmose (RO), sisitemu yo guhana ion, hamwe na EDI module. Zifite kandi akamaro kanini gucunga neza amazi mumazi no gukonjesha, guhindura uburyo bwo kwibanda hamwe no gukoresha imiti.

2. Umusaruro wimiti & Igenzura:Metero ni essential yo kugenzura kumurongo wa acide / ishingiro, gukurikirana iterambere ryibikorwa, no kugenzura ibicuruzwa byera, kwemeza imiti ihoraho hamwe numusaruro utangwa.

3. Gukora cyane-Gukora cyane:Ni itegeko ku mutekano w’ibikoresho no gukora neza ku bicuruzwa, ibyo bikoresho byo kuri interineti bikoreshwa cyane mu bigo bikorerwamo ibya farumasi n’amashanyarazi hagamijwe gukurikiranwa gukabije, ku rubuga rwa interineti umusaruro w’amazi ya ultrapure, kondensate, n’amazi meza, kugira ngo hirindwe burundu umwanda.

4. Isuku y'ibiribwa n'ibinyobwa:Ikoreshwa mugucunga kumurongo wa CIP (Isuku-mu-mwanya) ibisubizo hamwe nibicuruzwa bivanze neza, ibipimo byogukwirakwiza kumurongo byujuje ubuziranenge bwisuku mugihe hagabanijwe amazi n’imyanda.

4. Abagerageza Umufuka Wumufuka (Ikaramu-Ikaramu)

Igeragezwa ryikaramu yuburyo bwikaramu ryakozwe kugirango ritange uburyo butagereranywa nagaciro kadasanzwe mugusuzuma ubuziranenge bwamazi, bigatuma imbaraga zisesengura zihita zigerwaho cyane. Ubujurire bwibanze buri muburyo bworoshye cyane: igishushanyo mbonera, ubunini bwikaramu butuma ibipimo nyabyo bigenda, bikuraho ibintu bigoye bya laboratoire.

Byashizweho kubakoresha bose urwego, izi metero zishimangira gucomeka no gukina byoroshye. Igikorwa gikubiyemo buto ntoya, kwemeza abakoresha cyane kandi bagatanga ubushishozi bwihuse, budakenewe amahugurwa yihariye. Ubu buryo bworoshye bwo gukoresha bushigikira abakoresha bisaba ibipimo byihuse, byerekana ibisubizo byubuziranenge no kwibanda aho kuba amakuru yuzuye, yagenzuwe.

Byongeye kandi, ibyo bikoresho birahenze cyane. Bashyizwe ku giciro cyo hasi ugereranije nibikoresho byabigenewe, bituma ibizamini byamazi byizewe bihendutse kubantu bumva ingengo yimari na rubanda rusanzwe. Ikintu cyingenzi kiranga imikorere nubushobozi bwo gutanga igereranya ryihuse rya TDS kuruhande rwibanze rwa EC. Mugihe hashingiwe kubintu bisanzwe bihinduka, iyi mikorere itanga ishusho yihuse yubuziranenge bwamazi muri rusange, byuzuza ibyifuzo byabakoresha bashaka ibizamini byamazi byoroshye, byizewe.

Porogaramu nini ya Ikaramu EC Ikigereranyo

Ikizamini cya ultra-compact yerekana ikaramu ikwiranye neza na laboratoire yo mucyumba gito, ibikorwa bikura cyane, hamwe no gukoresha umurima aho gukoresha umwanya ari ngombwa.

1. Gukoresha Amazi n'Urugo Gukoresha:Nibyiza mugupima byoroshye amazi meza yo kunywa, ubuzima bwamazi ya aquarium, cyangwa ubwiza bwamazi ya pisine. Iyi niyo ntego yibanze kubafite amazu hamwe nabakunda.

2. Hydroponike Ntoya nubusitani:Ikoreshwa mugusuzuma shingiro ryintungamubiri zintungamubiri, zitanga abahinzi-borozi bato-bato bato bafite amakuru yingenzi yo gucunga ubuzima bwibimera nta bikoresho kabuhariwe.

3. Gahunda yo kwigisha no kwegera:Ubworoherane bwabo hamwe nigiciro gito bituma bakora ibikoresho byiza byo kwigisha bifasha abanyeshuri nabaturage gusobanukirwa nigitekerezo cyogukwirakwiza nisano ifitanye namazi yashonze.

IV. Ibintu ugomba gusuzuma mugihe uhisemo ibipimo byimikorere

Mugihe uhisemo metero yimikorere, guhitamo bigomba kujyana nibisabwa byihariye bya porogaramu kubisubizo byizewe no gukora neza. Hano haribintu byingenzi ugomba kuzirikana mugihe cyo gutoranya metero ya EC:

Ikintu cya 1: Urwego rwo gupima nukuri

Ibipimo byo gupima nukuri nibyo byambere, ibitekerezo byingenzi. Ugomba kwemeza ko imipaka yimikorere ikoreshwa ikwiranye nagaciro kayobora ibisubizo byawe.

Icyarimwe, suzuma ibisabwa bikenewe kandi bisobanutse; metero ya tekiniki ya tekinike igomba guhuza nurwego rukenewe rwibisobanuro byubuziranenge cyangwa intego zubushakashatsi.

Ikintu cya 2: Ibidukikije

Kurenga ubushobozi bwibanze bwo gupima, ibidukikije bisaba kwitabwaho. Indishyi z'ubushyuhe ni ikintu cy'ingenzi niba igisubizo cyangwa imiterere y'ibidukikije bihindagurika, kuko bihita bikosora ibyasomwe ku bushyuhe busanzwe, byemeza ko bihoraho.

Byongeye kandi, guhitamo iperereza ryukuri ntabwo biganirwaho. Ibyo ari byo byose, ubwoko butandukanye bwubushakashatsi bwashyizwe mubikorwa bitandukanye nibitangazamakuru. Gusa guhitamo probe ihuza imiti nintego yapimwe kandi ikwiranye nibidukikije byageragejwe.

Ikintu cya 3: Gukora neza no Guhuza Data

Icya nyuma ariko ntabwo ari gito, imikorere ikora no guhuza amakuru bigomba kwitabwaho. Umukoresha Imigaragarire igomba gushiramo kugenzura no kwerekana neza kugirango ugabanye igihe cyamahugurwa namakosa ashobora kuba.

Noneho, suzuma ibisabwa kugirango uhuze. Menya niba ukeneye kwandikisha amakuru, itumanaho ryibikoresho byo hanze, cyangwa kwishyira hamwe hamwe na sisitemu yo gucunga amakuru ya Laboratoire (LIMS) kugirango raporo ikorwe neza.

V. Uburyo bwo Guhindura Metero Yimikorere？

Guhindura metero yimikorere ningirakamaro mugupima neza. Inzira ikoresha igisubizo gisanzwe cyimyitozo izwi kugirango ihindure metero yimbere ya selile ihoraho, niyiheikubiyemo intambwe eshanu zingenzi: gutegura, gusukura, kuringaniza ubushyuhe, kalibrasi, no kugenzura.

1. Kwitegura

Intambwe ya 1:Menya neza uburyo bushyaigisubizo gisanzwehafi yicyitegererezo gisanzwe (urugero, 1413 µS / cm), amazi yatoboye cyangwa yimana kugirango yoge, hamwe na beakers isukuye.

Menya ko utazongera gukoresha ibisubizo bya kalibrasi kuko byanduye byoroshye kandi bidafite ubushobozi bwo kubika.

2. Gusukura no Kwoza

Intambwe ya 1:Kwoza neza probe yubushakashatsi hamwe namazi yatoboye cyangwa deionion kugirango ukureho ibisigisigi byose.

Intambwe ya 2:Witonze witonze probe yumye hamwe nigitambara cyoroshye, kitarimo lint. Kandi, irinde gukora kuri electrode n'intoki kuko iperereza rishobora kuba ryanduye.

3. Kuringaniza Ubushyuhe

Intambwe ya 1: Suka ibipimo mubikoresho bigenewe.

Intambwe ya 2:Wibize rwose probe yubushakashatsi mubisubizo bisanzwe. Menya neza ko electrode zipfundikijwe rwose kandi ko nta mwuka uhumeka wafashwe hagati yazo (kanda witonze cyangwa uzunguruze iperereza kugirango urekure ibibyimba byose).

Intambwe ya 3:Emera iperereza nigisubizo cyo kwicara muminota 5-10 kugirango ugere kuburinganire bwumuriro. Imyitwarire iterwa cyane nubushyuhe, iyi ntambwe rero ningirakamaro kubwukuri.

4. Calibration

Intambwe ya 1:Tangira uburyo bwa kalibrasi kuri metero, mubisanzwe bikubiyemo gukanda no gufata buto ya "CAL" cyangwa "Imikorere" ukurikije igitabo cya metero.

Intambwe ya 2:Kuri metero y'intoki, hindura metero yerekanwe agaciro ukoresheje buto y'imyambi cyangwa potentiometero kugirango uhuze agaciro kazwi neza k'igisubizo gisanzwe kubushyuhe buriho.

Kuri metero yikora, gusa wemeze agaciro gasanzwe, emerera metero guhinduka, hanyuma ubike selile nshya ihoraho.

5. Kugenzura

Intambwe ya 1:Ongera wongere ushireho amazi. Noneho, bapima igice gishya cyibisanzwe kimwe cyangwa ikindi, icyiciro cya kabiri niba ukora ibintu byinshi.

Intambwe ya 2:Gusoma metero bigomba kuba hafi cyane yikiguzi kizwi, mubisanzwe muri ± 1% kugeza ± 2%. Niba gusoma birenze urugero rwemewe, sukura iperereza neza kandi usubiremo inzira yose ya kalibrasi.

Ibibazo

Q1. Ubukorikori ni iki?

Imyitwarire yerekana ubushobozi bwibintu byo kuyobora amashanyarazi. Ni igipimo cyo kwibanda kuri ion ziboneka mugisubizo.

Q2. Nibihe bice bikoreshwa mugupima ubworoherane?

Ubusanzwe ibipimo bipimirwa muri Siemens kuri metero (S / m) cyangwa microsiemens kuri santimetero (μS / cm).

Q3. Imashini itwara ishobora gupima ubwiza bwamazi?

Nibyo, metero zitwara abantu zikoreshwa mugusuzuma ubwiza bwamazi. Indangagaciro zo hejuru zishobora kwerekana ko hariho umwanda cyangwa ion zashonze.

Q4. Ese metero zitwara ibintu zikwiranye nubushyuhe bwo hejuru?

Nibyo, metero zimwe zitwara ibintu zagenewe guhangana nubushyuhe bwo hejuru kandi zirashobora gupima neza uburyo bworoshye mubisubizo bishyushye.

Q5. Ni kangahe nshobora guhinduranya metero yanjye?

Calibration inshuro ziterwa na metero yihariye nikoreshwa ryayo. Birasabwa gukurikiza umurongo ngenderwaho wuwabigizemo uruhare.