Ibipimo by'amashanyarazi: Ubuyobozi bwuzuye kubatangiye

Mu rwego rwa kijyambere rwo kugenzura ubuziranenge, kugenzura ibidukikije, n’inganda zihariye, ubushobozi bwo gusuzuma neza ibigize amazi ni byo byingenzi.Amashanyarazi. Uwitekametero yumuriro w'amashanyarazi(EC Meter) nigikoresho cyingirakamaro cyo gusesengura gikoreshwa mukugereranya uyu mutungo.

Iki gitabo cyuzuye cyateguwe kubanyamwuga nabatangiye kimwe, gitanga gusenyuka gukabije amahame ya metero ya EC, imikorere, kalibrasi, hamwe nibisabwa bitandukanye, byemeza ko abitangira bashobora kwinjiza byimazeyo ubwo buhanga bwo gupima mubikorwa byabo.

Imbonerahamwe y'ibirimo:

1. Umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi ni iki?

2. Ikigereranyo cy'amashanyarazi ni iki?

3. Ni irihe hame rikora rya metero yumuriro w'amashanyarazi?

4. Ibipimo by'amashanyarazi bipima iki?

5. Ubwoko bwose bwibipimo byamashanyarazi

6. Nigute ushobora guhinduranya metero yumuriro w'amashanyarazi?

7. Porogaramu nini ya metero yumuriro w'amashanyarazi

8. Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya metero yumuriro w'amashanyarazi na metero pH?

I. Umuyoboro w'amashanyarazi ni iki?

Amashanyarazi(κ) ni igipimo cyubushobozi bwibintu byohereza amashanyarazi. Mubisubizo byamazi, uku kwanduza kutagerwaho na electron yubusa (nko mubyuma) ahubwo no kugendana na ion zashonze. Iyo umunyu, acide, cyangwa ibishingwe bishongeshejwe mumazi, bigabanyamo ibice byashizwemo neza hamwe na anion zashizwemo nabi. Ibi bice byashizwemo bituma igisubizo gikora amashanyarazi.

Muri rusange, ubwikorezi (σ) busobanurwa mubare nkibisubizo byo kurwanya (ρ), byerekana ubushobozi bwibikoresho byo gukoresha amashanyarazi (σ = 1 / ρ).

Kubisubizo, ubwikorezi bushingiye kumurongo wa ion; byoroshye,kwibanda cyane kuri ion zigendanwa bivamo muburyo butaziguye.

Mugihe urwego mpuzamahanga rusanzwe (SI Unit) rwo gutwara ibintu ni Siemens kuri metero (S / m), mubikorwa bifatikankaisesengura ry’amazina laboratoire isesengura, indangagaciro micro-Siemens kuri santimetero (µS / cm) cyangwa milli-Siemens kuri santimetero (mS / cm) nibyinshi bisanzwe kandi bikoreshwa cyane.

II. Ikigereranyo cy'amashanyarazi ni iki?

An metero yumuriro w'amashanyarazini igikoresho gisesenguye neza cyakozwe kugirango gipime ubworoherane bwigisubizo, gikora ukoresheje umurima wamashanyarazi no kugereranya ibivuyemo.

Igikoresho mubisanzwe kigizwe nibice bitatu byingenzi bikora:

1. Ingirabuzimafatizo (probe / electrode):Ngiyo sensor ihuza igisubizo kigenewe. Irimo electrode ebyiri cyangwa nyinshi (akenshi zikoze muri platine, grafite, cyangwa ibyuma bitagira umwanda) bitandukanijwe nintera ihamye.

Igice cya metero:Nibikoresho bya elegitoronike bitanga imbaraga zo kwishima (AC) kandi bigatunganya ibimenyetso bya sensor.

3. Ubushyuhe bwubushyuhe:Iki kintu gikenewe akenshi cyinjizwa muri probe kugirango gipime ubushyuhe bwikitegererezo kugirango indishyi zukuri.

Imetero ya EC itanga amakuru yingenzi akenewe mugucunga inzira aho kwibumbira hamwe kwingirakamaro cyane, nko kweza amazi no gukora imiti.

III. Ni irihe hame rikora ry'umuriro w'amashanyarazi?

Ihame ryo gupima rishingiye ku isano iri hagati yimyitwarire no guhangana, byahujwe na geometrie ihamye. Hano, reka dusuzume intambwe yibanze yo gupima hamwe ：

1. Porogaramu ya voltage ya AC:Imetero ikoresha neza, izwi guhinduranya amashanyarazi (AC) hejuru ya electrode ebyiri muri probe, irinda polarisiyasi no kwangirika hejuru ya electrode.

2. Ibipimo bigezweho:Imetero yumuriro w'amashanyarazi ipima ubunini bwubu (I) butembera mubisubizo, kandi ubu buringaniza nuburinganire bwa ion zigendanwa.

3. Kubara imyitwarire:Imyitwarire y'amashanyarazi (G) yumuti hagati yamasahani yombi ibarwa ukoresheje uburyo bwahinduwe bwamategeko ya Ohm: G = I / V.

4. Kugena imyitwarire:Kugirango ubone uburyo bwihariye (κ), imyitwarire yapimwe (G) igwizwa na selile ya selile ihoraho (K): κ = G · K. Akagari gahoraho (K) nikintu gihamye cya geometrike gisobanurwa nintera (d) hagati ya electrode nubuso bwacyo bwiza (A), K = d / A.

Imyitwarire yunvikana cyane kubushyuhe; kwiyongera kwa 1 ° C birashobora kuzamura gusoma hafi 2-3%. Kugirango ibisubizo bigereranwe kwisi yose, metero zose zumwuga EC zikoresha Automatic Temperature Indishyi (ATC).

Imetero yerekana agaciro kapimye ku bushyuhe busanzwe, ubusanzwe 25 ° C, ukoresheje coefficente yubushyuhe isobanuwe, kwemeza agaciro kavuzwe ko ari ukuri utitaye ku bushyuhe nyabwo bw'icyitegererezo mugihe cyo gupima.

IV. Ibipimo by'amashanyarazi bipima iki?

Mugihe EC metero yibanze isohoka niAmashanyarazi, iki gisomwa gikoreshwa muburyo bwo kugereranya cyangwa kugereranya ibindi bipimo byubwiza bwamazi muburyo bwinganda zinganda:

1. Amashanyarazi (EC):Ibipimo bitaziguye, byavuzwe muri µS / cm cyangwa mS / cm.

2. Igiteranyo Cyuzuye Cyuzuye (TDS): TDSYerekana ubwinshi bwibintu kama kama na organic organique byashonze kubunini bwamazi, mubisanzwe bigaragarira muri mg / L cyangwa ibice kuri miriyoni (ppm). Kubera ko EC ifitanye isano cyane nibirimo ionic (igice kinini cya TDS), metero ya EC irashobora gutanga agaciro kagereranijwe ka TDS ukoresheje ibintu bihinduka (TDS Factor), mubisanzwe kuva kuri 0.5 kugeza 0.7.

3. Umunyu:Ku mazi meza, amazi yo mu nyanja, hamwe n’inganda zikora inganda, EC nicyo kintu cyambere kigena imyunyu, aribwo buryo bwuzuye bwumunyu wose ushonga mumazi, mubisanzwe bivugwa muri PSU (Practical Salinity Units) cyangwa ibice ku gihumbi.

V. Ubwoko bwose bwibipimo byamashanyarazi

Metero ya EC muburyo butandukanye yateguwe kugirango ihuze ibisabwa byihariye byukuri, kugenda, no gukurikirana bikomeje, kandi hanoirusangeubwoko bwimikoreremeteroibyobikunze kugaragara muburyo butandukanye bwinganda:

VI. Nigute ushobora guhinduranya metero yumuriro w'amashanyarazi?

Calibibasi isanzwe ni itegeko kugirango ibungabunge ukuri na sisitemu ya EC yo gupima. Calibration yerekana metero igisubizo kubiciro bizwi, kugenzura selile ihoraho (K).

Uburyo busanzwe bwa Calibration:

1. Guhitamo bisanzwe:Hitamo icyemezoigisubizo gisanzwe.

2. Gutegura iperereza:Kwoza electrode neza ukoresheje amazi ya deionisiyonike (DI) hanyuma ukoresheje umubare muto wumuti usanzwe kugirango ubone ubuso. Blot yumye hamwe nimpapuro zidafite lint; ntugahanagure cyane.

3. Igipimo:Shira iperereza rwose mubisubizo bisanzwe, urebe ko nta mwuka uhumeka wafashwe hafi ya electrode. Emerera ubushyuhe guhagarara.

4. Guhindura:Tangiza imikorere ya metero ya Calibration. Igikoresho kizahita gisoma agaciro gahamye kandi imbere ihindure ibipimo byayo (cyangwa utume uyikoresha yinjiza agaciro gasanzwe).

5. Kugenzura:Kubikorwa-bisobanutse neza, genzura kalibrasi ukoresheje igisubizo cya kabiri, gisanzwe gitandukanye.

VII. Porogaramu Yagutse Yumuriro w'amashanyarazi

Porogaramu yo gupima EC irakwirakwiriye kandi irakomeye mubice bitandukanye:

1. Kweza amazi:Gukurikirana imikorere ya Reverse Osmose (RO) na sisitemu ya deionisation. Ubworoherane bwamazi meza cyane ni igipimo cyerekana ubwiza bwayo (hasi µS / cm yerekana ubuziranenge bwinshi).

2. Ubumenyi bwibidukikije:Gusuzuma ubuzima rusange hamwe nubunyu bwamazi asanzwe (inzuzi, ibiyaga, amazi yubutaka), akenshi bikoreshwa nkikimenyetso cyerekana umwanda cyangwa amazi yatemba.

3. Ubuhinzi n'Ubuhinzi bw'imboga:Kugenzuraintungamubiri zintungamubirimuri hydroponique no gufumbira. Ubuzima bwibimera buhujwe neza na EC urwego rwamazi yo kugaburira.

4. Kugenzura ibikorwa byinganda:Kugenzura ibizunguruka mu minara ikonjesha no gutekesha kugirango wirinde igipimo no kwangirika ukomeza kwibumbira hamwe ibintu byashonze mu mbibi zemewe.

5. Ibiribwa n'ibinyobwa:Kugenzura ubuziranenge, bukoreshwa mugupima ubunini bwibigize (urugero, umunyu mubisubizo bya brine cyangwa aside yibinyobwa).

VIII. Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati ya metero yumuriro w'amashanyarazi na metero ya pH?

Mugihe byombi aribikoresho byingenzi byo gusesengura amazi, metero ya EC nathemetero pHgupimaureibintu bitandukanye biranga igisubizo:

Mu isesengura ryuzuye ryamazi, ibipimo byombi birakenewe. Kurugero, mugihe imiyoboro ihanitse ikubwira ko hari ion nyinshi zihari, pH irakubwira niba izo ion zigira uruhare runini muri acide cyangwa alkaline.