Intangiriro
Imyitwarire igira uruhare runini mubice bitandukanye byubuzima bwacu, uhereye kubikoresho bya elegitoroniki dukoresha burimunsi kugeza gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi mumashanyarazi. Gusobanukirwa neza ningirakamaro mugusobanukirwa imyitwarire yibikoresho nubushobozi bwabo bwo kohereza amashanyarazi. Muri iyi ngingo, tuzacukumbura mubisobanuro byimyitwarire, dusuzume akamaro kayo, tunasuzume ibyakoreshejwe mubice bitandukanye.
Imyitwarire ni iki?
Imikorere ni igipimo cyubushobozi bwibikoresho byo gutwara amashanyarazi. Numutungo wibintu bigena uburyo byoroshye amashanyarazi ashobora kunyuramo. Imyitwarire ni ikintu cyingenzi kiranga ibikoresho byinshi kandi ikoreshwa cyane mubice bitandukanye bya siyanse nubuhanga.
Muri rusange, ibyuma ni byiza kuyobora amashanyarazi kuko bifite umubare munini wa electroni yubusa ishobora kunyura mubikoresho. Niyo mpamvu umuringa na aluminiyumu bikoreshwa cyane mu gukoresha amashanyarazi no gukoresha amashanyarazi. Ku rundi ruhande, ibikoresho nka reberi n'ibirahure ni imiyoboro idahwitse y'amashanyarazi kuko idafite electron nyinshi z'ubuntu.
Ubushobozi bwibikoresho bushobora gupimwa ukurikije imbaraga zamashanyarazi. Kurwanya amashanyarazi ni ukurwanya umuvuduko w'amashanyarazi ukoresheje ibikoresho. Hasi yo kurwanya, niko bigenda neza. Ubusanzwe ubwikorezi bupimirwa muri Siemens kuri metero (S / m) cyangwa milisiemens kuri santimetero (ms / cm).
Usibye kuba ikoreshwa mu gukoresha amashanyarazi, ubwikorezi ni ngombwa no mu zindi nzego nka chimie, ibinyabuzima, na siyansi y’ibidukikije. Kurugero, ubworoherane bwamazi burashobora gukoreshwa kugirango hamenyekane ubunini bwumunyu ushonga nibindi bintu mumazi. Aya makuru ni ngombwa mu gusobanukirwa ubwiza bw’amazi no gukurikirana ibidukikije.
Hariho ibintu byinshi bishobora kugira ingaruka ku mikorere, harimo ubushyuhe, umuvuduko, no kuba hari umwanda cyangwa ibindi bintu mubikoresho. Rimwe na rimwe, imiyoborere irashobora kongerwa cyangwa kugenzurwa no kongeramo ibintu bimwe mubikoresho. Ibi bizwi nka doping kandi bikunze gukoreshwa mubikorwa bya semiconductor kugirango bikore ibikoresho bifite amashanyarazi yihariye.
Imyitwarire ni umutungo wingenzi wibikoresho byinshi kandi igira uruhare runini muburyo butandukanye bwa siyanse nubuhanga. Ibipimo byayo no kugenzura ni ngombwa mu gusobanukirwa no kunoza imikorere ya sisitemu zitandukanye.
Imiyoboro hamwe nuyobora amashanyarazi
Imikorere ni igipimo cyubushobozi bwibikoresho byo gutwara amashanyarazi. Numutungo wingenzi mubice byinshi, harimo amashanyarazi, ibikoresho bya siyansi, na fiziki. Abayobora ni ibikoresho bifite umuvuduko mwinshi, bivuze ko byemerera amashanyarazi gutembera byoroshye muri byo.
Mu mashanyarazi, amashanyarazi ni ikintu cyingenzi mugushushanya amashanyarazi. Ibikoresho bifite umuvuduko mwinshi bikoreshwa nkumuyagankuba, mugihe ibikoresho bifite ubushobozi buke bikoreshwa nka insulator. Imashanyarazi ikunze kugaragara cyane ni ibyuma nkumuringa na aluminiyumu, bifite umuvuduko mwinshi kubera electron zabo z'ubuntu.
Ibikoresho bifite ubushobozi buke, nka plastiki nubutaka, bikoreshwa nka insulator kugirango birinde amashanyarazi atanyuramo. Insulator zikoreshwa muburyo butandukanye, harimo insinga z'amashanyarazi, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, n'imirongo yohereza amashanyarazi.
Mubikoresho siyanse, ubwikorezi numutungo wingenzi mugutezimbere ibikoresho bishya. Abashakashatsi bahora bashakisha ibikoresho bifite ubushobozi buke bwo gukoresha muburyo butandukanye, harimo kubika ingufu no guhindura, ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, hamwe na sensor.
Kimwe mu bintu byingenzi bigira ingaruka ku bushyuhe ni ubushyuhe. Mugihe ubushyuhe bwiyongera, ubwinshi bwibikoresho byinshi buragabanuka. Ibi biterwa no kwiyongera kwubushyuhe bwumuriro wa atome mubikoresho, bigatuma bigora electroni kunyura mubintu.
Ikindi kintu kigira ingaruka kumyitwarire ni ukubaho kwanduye mubintu. Umwanda urashobora guhungabanya umuvuduko wa electron ukoresheje ibikoresho, bikagabanya imikorere yacyo.
Ibipimo byo gupima ibintu
Ibipimo byo gupima ibintu ni ikintu cyingenzi mubikorwa byose byinganda zirimo gukoresha amazi. Imikorere ni igipimo cyubushobozi bwamazi yo gutwara amashanyarazi, kandi nikintu cyingenzi muguhitamo ubwiza nubuziranenge bwamazi. Ibipimo byo gutwara ibintu bikorwa hakoreshejwe ibikoresho kabuhariwe bizwi nka metero yimikorere, bigenewe gupima amashanyarazi yumuriro.
Ibice bikoreshwa mugupima imiyoboro isanzwe bigaragarira muri Siemens kuri metero (S / m) cyangwa micro Siemens kuri santimetero (μS / cm). Ibi bice bikoreshwa mukugaragaza amashanyarazi yumuriro wamazi, ni igipimo cyumubare wamashanyarazi ashobora gutwarwa namazi. Iyo amashanyarazi afite amazi menshi, niko ubushobozi bwayo bwo gutwara amashanyarazi.
Usibye ibice bisanzwe byo gupima, ibindi bice bikoreshwa mukugaragaza neza. Harimo milisiemens kuri santimetero (mS / cm), ingana na 1000 μS / cm, hamwe nibyemezo kuri metero (dS / m), bingana na 10 S / m. Ibi bice bikoreshwa mubikorwa byihariye aho ibice bisanzwe bishobora kuba bidakwiriye.
Guhitamo ibipimo bipima ibipimo biterwa na progaramu yihariye nurwego rwifuzwa rwukuri. Kurugero, micro Siemens kuri santimetero ikoreshwa mubitunganya amazi, mugihe Siemens kuri metero ikoreshwa mubikorwa byinganda bisaba urwego rwukuri. Guhitamo ibice biterwa nubwoko bwamazi apimwa, kuko amazi atandukanye afite urwego rutandukanye rwumuriro w'amashanyarazi.
Ibipimo byo gupima ibintu ni ikintu cyingenzi mubikorwa byose byinganda zirimo amazi. Guhitamo ibice biterwa na progaramu yihariye nurwego rwifuzwa rwukuri.Imetero yimikorerezagenewe gupima amashanyarazi y’amazi, kandi ibice bikoreshwa mukugaragaza ubwikorezi birimo Siemens kuri metero, micro Siemens kuri santimetero, milisiemens kuri santimetero, nicyemezo kuri metero.
Gushyira mu bikorwa
Imyitwarire, ubushobozi bwibikoresho byo kuyobora amashanyarazi, bifite intera nini ya porogaramu mubice bitandukanye. Hano hari bimwe mubisanzwe byogukoresha:
Amashanyarazi: Amashanyarazi ningirakamaro kuri sisitemu yo gukoresha amashanyarazi. Ibyuma nk'umuringa na aluminiyumu, bizwiho kuba bifite ingufu nyinshi, bikoreshwa cyane mu nsinga z'amashanyarazi kugira ngo bigende neza amashanyarazi ava mu mashanyarazi ku bikoresho n'ibikoresho bitandukanye.
Ibyuma bya elegitoroniki: Imikorere igira uruhare runini mumikorere yibikoresho bya elegitoroniki. Ibikoresho bitwara ibintu, nkibyuma na semiconductor, bikoreshwa muguhimba ibice nkumuzunguruko uhuriweho, transistor, hamwe nu muhuza.
Ikwirakwizwa ry'amashanyarazi: Ibikoresho bitwara ibintu byinshi bikoreshwa mumirongo yohereza amashanyarazi kugirango igabanye ingufu. Imiyoboro ya aluminium n'umuringa ikoreshwa mumashanyarazi yo hejuru hamwe ninsinga zo munsi yohereza amashanyarazi neza.
Sisitemu yo gushyushya no gukonjesha: Ibikoresho byifashishwa mu gushyushya no gukonjesha. Ibikoresho byo gushyushya amashanyarazi, nkibiboneka mu ziko ry’amashanyarazi, bishingiye ku bikoresho bifite amashanyarazi menshi kugira ngo bitange ubushyuhe neza. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, ibyuma bishyushya ibikoresho bya elegitoronike bikozwe mu bikoresho bifite ubushyuhe bwinshi bwo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe neza.
Amashanyarazi: Mubikorwa byamashanyarazi, imiyoboro ningirakamaro kuri electrolytike. Ibisubizo bya electrolytike, birimo ion byorohereza umuvuduko wamashanyarazi, bikoreshwa mubikorwa nka electroplating, batteri, selile lisansi, na electrolysis mubikorwa bitandukanye byinganda na siyanse.
Sensors na Detector: Imikorere ikoreshwa muri sensor na detector mugupima ibintu byamashanyarazi. Kurugero, ibyuma bifata ibyuma bifata ibyuma bikoreshwa mugukurikirana isuku yamazi munganda zitunganya amazi no kumenya impinduka mumashanyarazi zishobora kwerekana umwanda cyangwa umwanda.
Gusaba Ubuvuzi: Mu rwego rwubuvuzi, ubwikorezi busanga porogaramu mubice nko gupima bioelectric hamwe nubuhanga bwo gufata amashusho. Urugero, amashanyarazi (ECG), apima amashanyarazi yumutima kugirango amenye kandi akurikirane uko umutima umeze.
Ibikoresho bikomatanya: inyongeramusaruro zikoreshwa mugukora ibikoresho byinshi kugirango bitange amashanyarazi. Ibi bikoresho bisanga porogaramu mu nganda zinyuranye, zirimo icyogajuru, ibinyabiziga, n’ubwubatsi, aho bisabwa kugira ngo bikoreshwe nko gukingira amashanyarazi, gukwirakwiza ibintu, no gushyushya ibintu.
Gukurikirana Ibidukikije: Imyitwarire ikoreshwa muri sisitemu yo gukurikirana ibidukikije kugirango isuzume ubwiza bw’amazi n’umunyu. Imetero yimikorere ikoreshwa mugupima amashanyarazi yumuriro wamazi, itanga amakuru yingirakamaro kubigize hamwe nibishobora kwanduza.
Izi nizo ngero nkeya zuburyo uburyo bwo kuyobora bukoreshwa mubice bitandukanye. Ibikoresho bidasanzwe byamashanyarazi byibikoresho bitwara ibintu byinshi bitera imbere mu ikoranabuhanga no guhanga udushya mu nganda nyinshi.
Ibibazo
Q1: Ni irihe tandukaniro riri hagati yimyitwarire no kurwanya?
Imyitwarire ipima ubushobozi bwibikoresho byo kuyobora amashanyarazi, mugihe kurwanya birwanya kugereranya imbaraga zayo.
Q2: Kuki ibyuma bifite ubushobozi bwo hejuru?
Ibyuma bifite umuvuduko mwinshi kubera ubwinshi bwa electroni yubusa ishobora kugenda byoroshye binyuze mubikoresho.
Q3: Imyitwarire irashobora guhinduka?
Nibyo, ubwikorezi burashobora guhindurwa nibintu nkubushyuhe, umwanda, nuburyo bwa kristu yibikoresho.
Q4: Nibihe bimwe mubisanzwe insulator zifite ubushobozi buke?
Rubber, plastike, nikirahure nurugero rwibikoresho bisanzwe bikingira hamwe nubushobozi buke.
Q5: Nigute ubwikorezi bupimwa mumazi?
Imiyoboro y'amazi ipimwa hifashishijwe metero yumuriro, igena ubushobozi bwamazi yo kuyobora amashanyarazi.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Jun-22-2023