Ubwoko Bwingenzi Bwamazi meza

Intangiriro

Amazi nikintu cyibanze cyubuzima, kandi ubwiza bwayo bugira ingaruka ku mibereho yacu n’ibidukikije. Ubwoko 5 bwibanze bwibipimo byamazi bigira uruhare runini mukumenya umutekano wamazi no kugenzura neza kubwintego zitandukanye. Muri iki kiganiro, tuzasesengura ibipimo birambuye, dutange ubushishozi nubumenyi bwinzobere kugirango tugufashe kumva akamaro ko gusesengura ubuziranenge bw’amazi.

Ubwoko Bwingenzi Bwamazi meza

Isesengura ry’amazi ririmo gusuzuma ibipimo bitandukanye byerekana ko bikoreshwa neza. Ubwoko 5 bwibanze bwamazi meza ni:

1. Ibipimo bifatika

Ibipimo bifatika bivuga ibiranga amazi bigaragara bitarimo imiti. Ibipimo bitanga ubushishozi kumiterere yamazi, ubushyuhe, nibindi bintu bifatika. Ibyingenzi byingenzi bifatika birimo:

Guhindagurika: Guhindagurika bipima igicu cyamazi yatewe nuduce duto twahagaritswe. Urwego rwohejuru rushobora kwerekana umwanda cyangwa imyanda itemba.

Ubushyuhe: Ubushyuhe bwamazi bugira ingaruka kubinyabuzima byo mumazi kandi birashobora kugira ingaruka kumyuka ya ogisijeni nibindi bintu.

Ibara: Ibara ryamazi rishobora kwerekana ko hariho ibintu bisanzwe cyangwa umwanda.

2. Ibipimo bya shimi

Ibipimo bya chimique bisuzuma ahari hamwe nubunini bwibintu bitandukanye bya chimique mumazi. Ibi bintu bishobora guturuka kumasoko karemano cyangwa ibikorwa byabantu. Ibipimo byingenzi bya shimi birimo:

pH: urugero rwa pH rwerekana aside irike cyangwa alkaline, bigira ingaruka kubushobozi bwayo bwo gutunga ubuzima bwamazi.

Oxygene yamenetse (DO): DO ni ngombwa kubinyabuzima byo mu mazi, kandi urwego rwayo rugaragaza ubwiza bw’amazi ndetse n’umwanda uhari.

Intungamubiri: Intungamubiri, nka azote na fosifore, bigira ingaruka ku bwiza bw’amazi kandi bishobora gutera uburabyo bwangiza.

Ibyuma biremereye: Ibyuma biremereye, nka gurş na mercure, ni uburozi kandi birashobora kwanduza amasoko y'amazi.

3. Ibipimo byibinyabuzima

Ibinyabuzima bikubiyemo ubushakashatsi bwibinyabuzima biboneka mu mazi no gusuzuma ubuzima bwabo nubudasa. Ibyingenzi byingenzi byibinyabuzima birimo:

Indwara ya bagiteri na coliforme: Kubaho kwa bagiteri byerekana indwara zandurira mu mazi.

Ibinyabuzima byo mu mazi: Ibinyabuzima bikora nk'ibipimo byerekana ubuziranenge bw'amazi n'ubuzima bw'ibinyabuzima.

4. Ibipimo bya radiologiya

Ibipimo bya radiologiya byibanda ku gupima urugero rw'imirasire mu mazi, bishobora guturuka ku masoko karemano cyangwa ibikorwa byabantu. Ibyingenzi byingenzi bya radiologiya birimo:

Imirasire ya Alpha, Beta, na Gamma: Gusuzuma urugero rw'imirasire irinda umutekano w'amazi kandi ikarinda ingaruka mbi.

5. Ibipimo ngenga

Ibipimo ngengabuzima bisesengura ahari ibinyabuzima mu mazi, bishobora guturuka ku masoko karemano cyangwa ibikorwa byabantu. Ibipimo ngirakamaro byingenzi birimo:

Imiti yica udukoko nudukoko: Iyi miti irashobora kwanduza amazi kandi ikagira ingaruka mbi mubuzima bwamazi nubuzima bwabantu.

Imiti ya farumasi: Kuba hari ibisigazwa bya farumasi mumazi birashobora guteza ingaruka.

Akamaro ko gusesengura ubuziranenge bw'amazi

Isesengura ry’amazi ni ngombwa kubwimpamvu zitandukanye, harimo:

Ubuzima Rusange: Guharanira amazi meza no kwirinda indwara ziterwa n’amazi ni ngombwa ku buzima rusange.

Kubungabunga ibidukikije: Gusobanukirwa ubuziranenge bw’amazi bifasha kurinda urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima byo mu mazi no kubungabunga urusobe rw’ibinyabuzima.

Ubuhinzi n’inganda: Amazi meza ni ngombwa mu kuhira, gutunganya inganda, no gukomeza ibikorwa by’ubuhinzi bizima.

Imyidagaduro: Amazi meza kandi meza atuma ibikorwa bitandukanye byo kwidagadura nko koga no koga.

Ibibazo

Haba hari amasoko karemano yamabuye aremereye mumazi?

Nibyo, ibyuma bimwe biremereye bibaho bisanzwe mumazi bitewe na geologiya. Nyamara, ibikorwa byabantu nko gusohora inganda nubucukuzi burashobora kuzamura cyane urwego rwabo, biganisha ku kwanduza.

Nigute umwanda wintungamubiri ugira ingaruka kumiterere yamazi?

Intungamubiri nyinshi, nka azote na fosifore, zirashobora gutera eutrophasique, biganisha ku mikurire y’indabyo zangiza. Izi ndabyo zigabanya urugero rwa ogisijeni kandi zikangiza ubuzima bwo mu mazi.

Ni izihe ngaruka z'ubuzima zijyanye n'amazi yo kunywa yanduye imiti yica udukoko?

Amazi yanduye yica udukoko arashobora guteza ingaruka zikomeye kubuzima, harimo ibibazo byubwonko niterambere, kanseri, nibibazo byimyororokere.

Nigute ibipimo byibinyabuzima bifasha gusuzuma ubwiza bwamazi?

Ibinyabuzima, nka macroinvertebrates yo mu mazi, ikora nka bioindicator. Kubaho kwabo, ubwinshi, no gutandukana byerekana ubuzima rusange bwibidukikije.

Ni izihe ngaruka ziterwa n’amazi menshi mu mazi?

Urwego rwohejuru rushobora kwerekana umwanda n'amazi atemba. Irashobora kandi kugabanya urumuri rwinjira, ikagira ingaruka kuri fotosintezeza mu bimera byo mu mazi no guhungabanya ahantu nyaburanga.

Kuki ari ngombwa gukurikirana ibipimo bya radiologiya mumazi?

Ibipimo bya radiologiya bifasha kumenya ibishobora kwanduza radio, kurinda umutekano wamazi no kugabanya ingaruka zubuzima.

Umwanzuro

Gusobanukirwa ubwoko 5 bwibanze bwibipimo byamazi nibyingenzi mugusuzuma umutekano wamazi no kubungabunga ibidukikije. Isesengura risanzwe ryibipimo byerekana ko amasoko yamazi akomeza kugira isuku kandi akwiranye nintego zitandukanye. Dufashe ingamba zifatika zo kubungabunga ubwiza bw’amazi, turashobora kubungabunga ubuzima bwacu no kurinda umutungo w’isi.